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This is the procedure where the vulnerabilities are categorized, depending on how critical they are.

Vulnerability analysis can predict the effectiveness of proposed countermeasures and assess their actual effectiveness after they are applied.

Vulnerability analysis consists of several steps:

– Defining and classifying network or system resources

– Assigning relative levels of importance to the resources

– Recognizing potential threats to each resource

– Developing a strategy to cope with the most critical potential problems first

– Defining and performing ways to eliminate the consequences if a breach happens.

Network scanning is a necessary process for the organizations. Therefore, it should take place more often than once per quarter.

Unauthenticated scans expose vulnerabilities in services that you run on your system, open ports on devices that could allow malicious apps to run on them and configurations that negatively affect security. However, it is best to perform authenticated scans, which also reveal vulnerabilities in installed applications, such as Java, Flash and Adobe Reader.

Risk assessments target to identifying, estimating and prioritizing risk to organizations.

A risk assessment is not necessarily about creating huge amounts of paperwork, but rather about proposing logical measures to eliminate the risks in your workplace. You are probably already trying to protect your business, but your risk assessment will help you see clearly whether you have covered all you need to.

It includes methods that redirect the use of resources, business process, budget allocations, or other modes of operation that significantly change an organization.

Change management is the order that guides how we prepare, equip and support individuals to successfully embrace change in order to achieve organizational success and results. Moreover, change management provides a solid approach for supporting the individuals in your organization to move from their own current status and adapt to their own future states.

Patch management is an area of systems management that includes acquiring, testing, and installing multiple patches (code changes) to a computer system.

Patch management is mostly a practice performed by software companies as part of their internal operation efforts to fix problems with the different versions of software programs and also to help analyze existing software programs and detect any potential holes in security features or other upgrades.

Incident response is an organized approach to addressing and managing the aftermath of a security breach or attack.

The goal is to deal with the situation in a way that minimizes damage and reduces recovery time and costs. An incident response plan includes a policy that identifies, in specific terms, what consists an incident and provides a step-by-step process that should be followed when an incident occurs.

It’s important to have separate networks, where access to automation and control systems is strictly limited by routers and firewalls.

IT automation has some restrictions. In the security and risk management area, automated systems are eager to errors, resulting from a weakness in human-level model recognition and language understanding. An automated system is not the same thing as an intelligent system since it does not learn from past mistakes. Although the goal of IT automation is to eventually display a strong Return on Investment, there can be a fairly important investment on the front when deploying IT automation software, systems or infrastructure.